1.《谏院题名记》原文及翻译

谏院题名记 【原文】： 古者谏无官，自公卿大夫，至於工商，无不得谏者。

汉兴以来，始置官。 夫以天下之政，四海之众，得失利病，萃於一官使言之，其为任亦重矣。

居是官者， 当志其大，舍其细；先其急，后其缓；专利国家而不为身谋。彼汲汲於名者，犹汲汲於利也，其间相去何远哉？ 天禧初，真宗诏置谏官六员，责其职事。

庆历中，钱君始书其名於版，光恐久而漫 灭。嘉佑八年，刻於石。

后之人将历指其名而议之曰：“某也忠，某也诈，某也直，某也 曲。”呜呼！可不惧哉！ 【译文】： 在古代没有专门来规劝君王的官职，从官居高位的公卿大夫到市井百姓从事手工业和从商的人，都可以规劝君王。

（等到）汉朝兴盛开始，才有了谏官的称号。 将天下所有的政事，四海之内的百姓，国家社稷的得与失，优势和弊病，都交萃于谏官身上，让他正确地将一切说出来。

（谏官）的责任相当重啊！要当好一个谏官，（应当）注意重要的方面，舍弃细微的地方；把情况紧急的事放在前面，把不要紧的事放在后面；只为国家作贡献而不要将自己放在国家前面。那些在名声方面急切的人，一定会在利益方面贪图。

（如果这样成为一个谏官的话）那其中的差距又相差多远呢？ 天禧初年的时候，真宗下诏设立谏官六名，来监督皇帝的行为。庆历中的时候，钱君开始将谏官的名字书写在专门的文书上，我恐怕日子长了名字会磨灭掉。

（于是）在嘉佑八年时，将谏官的名字刻在石头上。（这样）以后的人就可以逐个对着名字议论道：“这个人是忠臣，这个人是奸臣，这个人正直，这个人偏邪。”

哎，真是令人警戒啊。

2.司马光《谏院题名记》翻译

你好！谏院题名记[宋]司马光古者谏无官，自公卿大夫至于工商，无不得谏者。

汉兴以来，始置官。夫以天下之政，四海之众，得失利病，萃于一官使言之，其为任亦重矣。

居是官者，当志其大，舍其细，先其急，后其缓；专利国家而不为身谋。彼汲汲于名者，犹汲汲于利也。

其间相去何远哉！天禧初，真宗诏置谏官六员，责其职事。庆历中，钱君始书其名于版。

光恐久而漫灭，嘉祐八年，刻著于石。后之人将历指其名而议之曰：“某也忠，某也诈，某也直，某也回。”

呜呼，可不惧哉！【译 文】：古时候没有专门设置谏诤的官，从公卿大夫到一般工商之民，没有不能进谏的。汉朝建立以来，开始设置谏官。

将天下的政事，四海五湖的民众，治理国家的得失利弊，都集中于一个谏官身上，让他一一提出意见，那么他的责任也可以算够重的了。任此官者，应当牢牢记住那些大事情，舍弃那些小事；要先进谏那些急迫的问题，而后谏那些不很急迫的问题；要专为国家谋利，而不为自己打算。

那些热中于追求声名的人其实与热中于追求私利之徒一样，这两种人与谏官的职责相距多远啊！天禧初年，真宗下诏设置谏官六员，并明确谏官的职责。庆历年间，钱君开始将谏官们的名字写在木板上。

我怕因时间长了要磨灭，在嘉祐八年，将谏官名字刻在石上。后代人会逐个指着他们的名字而议论他们说：“某某人忠诚，某某人诈，某某人正直，某某人邪恶。”

啊，这能不叫人惧怕吗？。

3.求 吏部掾属题名记 元好问 的解释

谏院题名记 作者：司马光 在古代没有专门来规劝君王的官职，从官居高位的公卿大夫到市井百姓从事手工业和从商的人，都可以规劝君王。

（等到）汉朝兴盛开始，才有了谏官的称号。 古者谏无官，自公卿大夫，至於工商，无不得谏者。

汉兴以来，始置官。 将天下所有的政事，四海之内的百姓，国家社稷的得与失，优势和弊病，都交萃于谏官身上，让他正确地将一切说出来。

（谏官）的责任相当重啊！要当好一个谏官，（应当）注意重要的方面，舍弃细微的地方；把情况紧急的事放在前面，把不要紧的事放在后面；只为国家作贡献而不要将自己放在国家前面。那些在名声方面急切的人，一定会在利益方面贪图。

（如果这样成为一个谏官的话）那其中的差距可太大了吧！ 夫以天下之政，四海之众，得失利病，萃於一官使言之，其为任亦重矣。居是官者， 当志其大，舍其细；先其急，后其缓；专利国家而不为身谋。

彼汲汲於名者，犹汲汲於利也，其间相去何远哉？ 天禧初年的时候，真宗下诏设立谏官六名，来监督皇帝的行为。庆历中的时候，钱君开始将谏官的名字书写在专门的文书上，我恐怕日子长了名字会磨灭掉。

（于是）在嘉佑八年时，将谏官的名字刻在石头上。（这样）以后的人就可以逐个对着名字议论道：“这个人是忠臣，这个人是奸臣，这个人正直，这个人偏邪。”

哎，真是令人警戒啊！ 天禧初，真宗诏置谏官六员，责其职事。庆历中，钱君始书其名於版，光恐久而漫 灭。

嘉佑八年，刻於石。后之人将历指其名而议之曰：“某也忠，某也诈，某也直，某也 曲。”

呜呼！可不惧哉。

4.郭伋始至行部翻译

郭伋始至行部，到西河美稷，有童儿数百，各骑竹马，道次迎拜.伋问“儿曹何自远来？”对曰：“闻使君到，喜，故来奉迎.”伋辞谢之.及事讫，诸儿复送至郭外，问“使君何日当还.”伋谓别驾从事，计日告之.行部既还，先期一日，伋为违信于诸儿，遂止于野亭，须期乃入.其为人若此.

方法

郭伋刚到任时巡行部署，到西河郡美稷县，有几百儿童，各骑着竹马，在路旁拜迎.郭伋问：“孩子们为什么从远方来？”孩子们回答说：“听说使君来到，很高兴，所以来欢迎.”郭伋辞让致谢.等到事情办完，孩子们又把他送到城外，问“使君您哪一天能回来”.郭伋叫别驾从事计算日程，告诉了他们.巡视回来，比约定日期早一天.郭伋怕失信于孩子们，于是在野外亭中歇宿，必须等到约定日期才进城.这是郭伋做人的方法.

郭伋始至行部：郭伋刚担任并州牧，首次出巡.行部，出巡.

西河美稷：地名.

别驾从事：部下官吏.

竹马：骑在儿童胯下的竹竿.

野亭：郊野外的亭子.

期（先期一日）：约定的期限

期（须期乃入）：约定的期限

讫：完毕

及：等到

5.张溥嗜学里面的,不起草,对客挥毫,俄顷立就

翻译是：他不打草稿，当着客人的面挥笔就写，一会儿就写好了，因为这个原因在当时很有名气。

原文

张溥（pǔ）幼嗜学，所读书必手钞，钞已，朗诵一过，即焚之，又抄，如是者六七始已。右手握管处，指掌成茧。冬日手皲，日沃汤数次，后名（做动词，命名）读书之斋曰：“七录”。溥诗文敏捷。四方征索者不起草，对客挥毫，俄顷立就，以故名（做名词，名气）高一时。

译文

张溥从小就热爱学习，他所读过的书一定亲手抄写，抄一遍，朗读一遍，读过之后就把它烧掉。继续再抄写，这样持续了六七遍才停止。他右手握笔的地方，指掌上长了老茧。冬天手指冻裂，每天要在热水里泡好几次，后来他把读书的房间题名为“七录”。张溥写诗作文思路敏捷，各方人士问他索取诗文，他不打草稿，当着客人的面挥笔就写，一会儿就写好了，因为这个原因在当时很有名气。

6.walrus joins in原文翻译

Walrus Joins In 1 What will Walrus do? Everyone at the North Pole was very excited. There was going to be a show and ANYONE could be in it. 'I will do skating,' said Arctic Fox. 'I'm good at that!' 'I'll do tumbling,' said Polar Bear. 'No one tumbles quite like me!' 'I'll do singing,' said Seal. 'Everyone says I have a very fine voice!' 'Then I'll do diving,' said Whale. 'I won a prize for diving at school, you know!' They all looked at Walrus. 'What will YOU do?' they asked. But Walrus was not good at anything. He wasn't good at skating, and he wasn't good at tumbling. He was terrible at singing, and when he tried to dive, he always got water up his nose. He sat and chewed his whiskers sadly. 'Never mind,' said Arctic Fox. 'You can watch us.' Arctic Fox and Polar Bear and Seal and Whale practised hard for the big show. Walrus hid behind a snowdrift and watched, and chewed his whiskers. He wished he was good at something. 2 The big night At last, the big night arrived. Everyone sat down and waited for the show to begin. Walrus sat in the front row. He was very excited. Fox came onto the ice and bowed. Everyone cheered. Then Fox began to skate. Fox skated forwards and backwards and sideways. She skated in perfect circles and figures of eight. She was elegant and amazing! Walrus watched and he loved what he saw. Fox made it all look so easy. Walrus was sure that if he really tried he could skate just like Fox. He couldn't stop himself. He just had to leap onto the ice and join in with Fox. “I can skate,” he cried. “Look at me!” But Walrus couldn't skate at all. He could only trip up and fall over. He bumped into Fox, and Fox went flat on her face. FLOMP! Fox was very upset. “Walrus has RUINED my act,” she wailed. Next, it was Polar Bear's turn. He rolled out across the ice like a big, white snowball. Everyone clapped wildly. Then Polar Bear began to tumble. He did jumps and spins and somersaults, and stood on his head. Walrus watched and he loved what he saw. Polar Bear made it all look such fun. Walrus was sure that this time, if he really tried, he could tumble just like Polar Bear. All of a sudden, Walrus just couldn't stop himself, and he leaped onto the ice. “I can tumble too,” he cried. “Look at me!” But Walrus couldn't tumble at all. He could only trip up and fall over. He tripped up Polar Bear, who came down with a WALLOP! Of course, Polar Bear was pretty angry. “Walrus has RUINED my act,” he wailed. 3 From bad to worse It was Seal's turn next. She gave Walrus a don't-you-dare stare, and then she started to sing: “O, how many heart rejoices when I see the Northern Lights. My ear is filled with voices sweetly singing in the night!” Walrus listened. What a beautiful song! Surely if he really tried, he could sing as beautifully as Seal? Oh, dear. Walrus just couldn't stop himself again. “I know that song,” he cried. “I can sing it too!” He leaped up and started singing along with Seal. But Walrus couldn't sing! He sounded terrible. In fact, he sounded like a rusty old bucket. Seal stopped singing and burst into floods of tears. “Walrus has RUINED my song,” she wailed. Wale was last. He was pretty certain that Walrus could not ruin his act. Whale leaped high out of the water. Then he fell back with an enormous splash! Walrus watched. He wished that he could dive like that. His flippers began to twitch, and his whiskers bristled with excitement. He tried and tried his very best not to join in. But then he had a brilliant idea. “I'll hold my nose when I dive,” he thought. “Then the water won't go up it!” Walrus just couldn't stop himself. He had to join in. “Everybody, look at me!” he cried, as he leaped into the water. “I can dive too!” But just at that moment, Whale was getting ready to spout a big jet of water. WHOOSH! Whale spouted Walrus high into the air! Everyone was watching Walrus now. They clapped and cheered as Walrus landed back in the sea with a SPLOSH! Whale was furious. “You are a meddling, incompetent BUFFOON!” he roared. “You have RUINED my act. Now GET OUT OF MY SIGHT!” Whale was pretty scary when he was angry. Walrus turned tail and fled. He hid behind a snowdrift, feeling sad and very sorry. 4 The show will go on! The show was over. Fox and Polar Bear and Seal and Whale stood in a line, blushing and wishing that Walrus had not ruined everything. But everyone was cheering like mad. “Well done, Polar Bear, well done, Seal! Well done, Fox and Whale!” they shouted. “But where's the clown? Why isn't he here? Where's Walrus?” Behind is 。