1.琅琊王顽鲁 文言文翻译

译文；

齐武成帝的儿子琅邪王，是太子的同母弟弟，他天生聪慧，武成帝和皇后都非常喜爱他，不论穿的吃的都与东宫太子相同。

武成帝经常当面称赞他说：“这是个聪明的孩子，将来应当有所成就。”

等太子即位当了皇帝，琅邪王搬到别宫居住，而他的待遇仍然十分优厚，超过其他为王的弟兄。即使如此，太后（他母亲，原来的皇后）还认为优待不够，常为此向皇帝诉说。

琅邪王十来岁的时候，就骄横恣意，毫无节制，吃穿用住等各个方面，必须要和皇帝看齐。

有一次，琅邪王去南殿朝拜，见典御官向皇帝进献新从地窖里取出的冰块，钩盾官进献早熟的李子，于是他回府后就派人去索取，结果没有要到，大发脾气，骂道：“皇帝有的东西，我为什么就没有？”

他的言行不知分寸到了这个程度。当时的一些有识之士大多指责他好像古代的共叔段、州吁一样。

后来，琅邪王讨厌宰相，就假传圣旨，把他杀了，行刑时，又担心有人来救（宰相），于是竟然命令手下的军士守住皇帝所在的宫殿大门。他虽然本来没有反叛的意思，（但这样一来大家都认为他要谋反）皇帝还是因为这个事件把他抓了起来，后来虽然被释放了，可最终还是被皇帝秘密杀了。

人们喜爱自己的子女，很少能够做到一视同仁，从古而今，这样的弊病已经很多了。才德兼备的孩子固然值得赏识和喜欢，但那些愚蠢迟钝的孩子也应当得到怜惜和爱护。

被父母偏宠的孩子，虽然父母是想优待他，其实却反而是害了他。

2.曾巩,字子固,建昌南丰人

译文：

曾巩，字子固，建昌南丰人。他从小就机智敏锐，十二岁时，曾尝试写作《六论》，提笔立成，文辞很有气魄。到了二十岁，名声已传播到四方。欧阳修看到他的文章，十分惊异。嘉祐二年考中进士，出任越州通判。这一年发生了饥荒，他估计常平仓储存的粮食不足以用来救济，而乡间的百姓，又不能都到城里来购粮。

曾巩就张贴告示晓谕所属的各县，劝说富人如实申报自己储存的粮食，共有十五万石，让他们将这些粮食比照常平仓的价格稍稍提高一点后卖给百姓。百姓得以就近方便地买到粮食，又不出家乡，而且粮食有余。任齐州知州，他把迅速惩处恶势力、盗窃犯作为主要工作。曲堤有个姓周的人家的儿子周高横行骄纵，残害良民。

他的能力能够影响当地的权贵和豪绅，州县的官吏都没有人敢去追究。曾巩逮捕了他，处以刑罚。章邱有百姓在乡村里聚众结伙，号称“霸王社”，杀人劫财，劫夺囚徒，没有一件不能如愿的。曾巩让百姓组成保伍，让他们侦察盗贼的行踪，有盗贼就击鼓传递消息，相互援助，每次都能将盗贼擒获。从此，齐州的百姓连院门都不用关闭就可以安睡了。

调任洪州。适逢江西当年瘟疫大流行，曾巩命令各县镇都储存药物以备需求。士兵和百姓生活困难不能养活自己的，就招来住在官舍，供应给他们饮食衣被等用品，分派医生给他们治病。曾巩品性孝顺父母，与兄弟友爱，父亲去世后，他侍奉继母更加无微不至。在家境衰败，无所依靠的情况下，抚育四个弟弟、九个妹妹，他们的读书、出仕和婚嫁，全都由他出力操办。

原文：

曾巩，字子固，建昌南丰人。生而警敏，年十二，试作《六论》，援笔而成，辞甚伟。甫冠，名闻四方。欧阳修见其文，奇之。

嘉祐二年进士第。出通判越州。岁饥，度常平不足赡，而田野之民，不能皆至城邑。谕告属县，讽富人自实粟，总十五万石，视常平价稍增以予民。民得从便受粟，不出田里，而食有余。

知齐州，其治以疾奸急盗为本。曲堤周氏子高横纵，贼良民，力能动权豪，州县吏莫敢诘，巩取置于法。章丘民聚党村落间，号“霸王社”，椎剽夺囚，无不如志。巩属民为保伍，使几察其出入，有盗则鸣鼓相援，每发辄得盗。自是外户不闭。

徙洪州。会江西岁大疫，巩命县镇悉储药待求，军民不能自养者，来食息官舍，资其食饮衣衾之具，分医视诊。巩性孝友。父亡，奉继母益至。抚四弟、九妹于委废单弱之中。宦学婚嫁，一出其力。

扩展资料

创作背景：

本文出自脱脱，阿鲁图的《宋史》，《宋史》卷帙浩繁，共两千多人的列传，比《旧唐书》列传多出一倍，《周三臣传》将韩通、李筠、李重进同列，横跨五代至宋初，弥补过去新旧五代史之不足。《宋史》中《本纪》四十七卷根据宋朝的情况，《宋史》的主要史料来源是宋代的国史、实录、日历等宋朝史官的原始记述。

作者简介：

脱脱（1314年-1355年），亦作托克托，亦作脱脱帖木儿，蔑里乞氏，字大用，蒙古族蔑儿乞人 脱脱幼养于伯颜家，从浦江吴直方学。脱脱主编《辽史》、《宋史》、《金史》，任都总裁官。至正四年（即1344年），脱脱因病辞职，到至正九年（即1349年）复出为相。

3.程门立雪文言文的翻译

杨时字中立，南剑将乐人。幼颖异，能属（2）文，稍长，潜心经史。熙宁九年，中进士第。时河南程颢与弟颐讲孔、孟绝学于熙、丰之际，河、洛之士翕然师之。时调官不赴，以师礼见（3）颢于颍昌，相得甚欢。其归也，颢目送之曰：“吾道南矣。”四年而颢死，时闻之，设位哭寝门，而以书赴告同学者。至是，又见程颐于洛，时盖年四十矣。一日见颐，颐偶瞑坐（4），时与游酢侍立（5）不去，颐既（6）觉，则门外雪深一尺矣。

[编辑本段]

【注释】

1.选自《宋史·杨时传》。2.属（zhǔ）：撰写。3.见：拜见。4.瞑坐：打瞌睡。5.侍立：恭敬地站在一旁。6.既：已经。

【译文】杨时字叫中立，是剑南将乐地方的人。小的时候就很聪颖显得与众不同，善写文章。年稍大一点既潜心钻研经史，宋熙宁九年，他考上了进士及。当时，他给河南程颢和弟弟程颐讲孔子，孟子宏伟独到的学术。在熙宁、元丰年间，河南洛阳这些地方的学者都去拜他们为师，杨时被调去做官他都没有去，在颍昌以学生礼节拜程颢为师，师生相处得很好。杨时回家的时候，程颢目送他说：“吾的学说将向南方传播了。”又过了四年程颢去世了，杨时听说以后，在卧室设了程颢的灵位哭祭，又用书信讣告同学的人。程颢死以后，又到洛阳拜见程颐，这时杨时已四十岁了。一天，他去看望程颐，程颐正闭着眼睛坐着，杨时与游酢（音zuò）就侍立在门外没有离开，程颐已经察觉的时候，那门外的雪已经一尺多深了。但他依然站在那里！

4.郑燮,号板桥,清乾隆元年进士

翻译：郑燮，号叫板桥，乾隆元年考中进士。他做山东范县知县时，爱老百姓，像对自己的儿子一样。他拒绝别人的馈赠和贿赂，处理政务勤敏，公文案卷不积压。公事之余就和文人们一块饮酒咏诗，有人都忘记他是县官了。

后来调任山东潍县知县，遇上饥荒年景，出现人吃人的局面。郑燮打开官家的粮仓救济百姓。有人劝阻他（让他向上级请示），他说：“这是什么时候？等辗转向上级请示报告，老百姓就剩不下一个了。

上级有什么谴责，由我来承担责任。”于是拿出粮食若干石，让百姓办好领粮的借据，然后把粮食发给他们，救活了上万的人。上级长官也表扬他有办事才干。到了秋季又歉收，他就拿出自己的养廉钱替老百姓交赋税。他在去职离任的时候，把百姓的借据全都烧了。

潍县人民对他感恩戴德，给他修建了生祠（来奉祀他）。郑燮天生有奇才性格旷达，不拘小节，但对于老百姓的事情却处理得细微详尽，一定要做得十分周到。曾有一次夜里外出，听见从一所茅屋中传出读书声，一打听，知道这人叫韩梦周，是穷人家子弟，就供给他一些生活费帮助他。

韩生中进士后，感念郑燮是自己的知己。郑燮在山东省先后做了十二年官，从没有积压的公事，也从没有受冤枉的百姓。后来他请求退休回家时，口袋里空空如也，一无所有，靠卖字卖画为生，他的文章写得宏博雄丽，诗歌效法范成大、陆游，词尤其写得工巧美好。

他的书法具有汉隶的特点，但又能别开生面，富有创造性。在写诗写字之余就画兰花和竹子。他的画虽然是随意挥洒，却能妙趣横生。他在京城候补的时候，慎郡王（允禧，字谦斋）十分敬重他。郑燮画的一张绢、一张纸、不仅国内人看得极为宝贵，就是外国人也争相购买。他著有《板桥诗钞》等书。

原文：郑燮，号板桥，清乾隆元年进士。知范县爱民如子。绝苞苴，无留牍。公余辄与文士畅饮咏，至有忘其为长吏者。迁潍县，值岁荒，人相食。燮开仓赈济，或阻之，燮曰：“此何时，俟辗转申报，民无孑遗矣。有谴我任之。”

即发谷与民，令民具领券借给，活万余人。上宪嘉其能。秋又歉，捐廉代输，去之日，悉取券焚之。潍人戴德，为立祠。燮有奇才，性旷达，不拘小节；于民事则纤悉必周。尝夜出，闻书声出茅屋，询知韩生梦周，贫家子也，给薪水助之。

韩成进士，有知己之感焉、官山东省先后十二载，无留牍，亦无冤民。乞休归，囊槖萧然，卖书画以自给。以余事写兰竹，随意挥洒，笔趣横生。一缣一楮，不独海内宝贵，即外服亦争购之。著《板桥诗钞》诸书。

出自：《清史列传·郑燮传》。郑燮，字克柔，号板桥，今江苏扬州兴化人，生于康熙三十二年（一六九三年），卒于乾隆三十年（一七六五年），享年七十三岁，他历经康雍乾三朝盛世，是清代著名的画家、书法家和诗人、“扬州八怪”之一。

扩展资料：

文章创作背景

《清史列传》：不著编纂人，是一部清朝人物传记书，共八十卷。撰稿人不详。此书记录了自清朝开国功臣费英东﹑额亦都起，直至清末李鸿章等为止的2894篇传记，其根据大多出自清国史馆《大臣列传稿本》﹑《满汉名臣传》和《国朝耆献类征初编》。《郑燮传》为其中一篇描写郑板桥的文章。

郑板桥（1693-1765），原名郑燮，字克柔，号理庵，又号板桥，人称板桥先生，江苏兴化人，祖籍苏州。康熙秀才，雍正十年举人，乾隆元年（1736年）进士。官山东范县、潍县县令，政绩显著，后客居扬州，以卖画为生，为“扬州八怪”重要代表人物。

郑板桥一生只画兰、竹、石，自称“四时不谢之兰，百节长青之竹，万古不败之石，千秋不变之人”。其诗书画，世称“三绝”，是清代比较有代表性的文人画家。代表作品有《修竹新篁图》《清光留照图》《兰竹芳馨图》《甘谷菊泉图》《丛兰荆棘图》等，著有《郑板桥集》。

5.walrus joins in原文翻译

Walrus Joins In 1 What will Walrus do? Everyone at the North Pole was very excited. There was going to be a show and ANYONE could be in it. 'I will do skating,' said Arctic Fox. 'I'm good at that!' 'I'll do tumbling,' said Polar Bear. 'No one tumbles quite like me!' 'I'll do singing,' said Seal. 'Everyone says I have a very fine voice!' 'Then I'll do diving,' said Whale. 'I won a prize for diving at school, you know!' They all looked at Walrus. 'What will YOU do?' they asked. But Walrus was not good at anything. He wasn't good at skating, and he wasn't good at tumbling. He was terrible at singing, and when he tried to dive, he always got water up his nose. He sat and chewed his whiskers sadly. 'Never mind,' said Arctic Fox. 'You can watch us.' Arctic Fox and Polar Bear and Seal and Whale practised hard for the big show. Walrus hid behind a snowdrift and watched, and chewed his whiskers. He wished he was good at something. 2 The big night At last, the big night arrived. Everyone sat down and waited for the show to begin. Walrus sat in the front row. He was very excited. Fox came onto the ice and bowed. Everyone cheered. Then Fox began to skate. Fox skated forwards and backwards and sideways. She skated in perfect circles and figures of eight. She was elegant and amazing! Walrus watched and he loved what he saw. Fox made it all look so easy. Walrus was sure that if he really tried he could skate just like Fox. He couldn't stop himself. He just had to leap onto the ice and join in with Fox. “I can skate,” he cried. “Look at me!” But Walrus couldn't skate at all. He could only trip up and fall over. He bumped into Fox, and Fox went flat on her face. FLOMP! Fox was very upset. “Walrus has RUINED my act,” she wailed. Next, it was Polar Bear's turn. He rolled out across the ice like a big, white snowball. Everyone clapped wildly. Then Polar Bear began to tumble. He did jumps and spins and somersaults, and stood on his head. Walrus watched and he loved what he saw. Polar Bear made it all look such fun. Walrus was sure that this time, if he really tried, he could tumble just like Polar Bear. All of a sudden, Walrus just couldn't stop himself, and he leaped onto the ice. “I can tumble too,” he cried. “Look at me!” But Walrus couldn't tumble at all. He could only trip up and fall over. He tripped up Polar Bear, who came down with a WALLOP! Of course, Polar Bear was pretty angry. “Walrus has RUINED my act,” he wailed. 3 From bad to worse It was Seal's turn next. She gave Walrus a don't-you-dare stare, and then she started to sing: “O, how many heart rejoices when I see the Northern Lights. My ear is filled with voices sweetly singing in the night!” Walrus listened. What a beautiful song! Surely if he really tried, he could sing as beautifully as Seal? Oh, dear. Walrus just couldn't stop himself again. “I know that song,” he cried. “I can sing it too!” He leaped up and started singing along with Seal. But Walrus couldn't sing! He sounded terrible. In fact, he sounded like a rusty old bucket. Seal stopped singing and burst into floods of tears. “Walrus has RUINED my song,” she wailed. Wale was last. He was pretty certain that Walrus could not ruin his act. Whale leaped high out of the water. Then he fell back with an enormous splash! Walrus watched. He wished that he could dive like that. His flippers began to twitch, and his whiskers bristled with excitement. He tried and tried his very best not to join in. But then he had a brilliant idea. “I'll hold my nose when I dive,” he thought. “Then the water won't go up it!” Walrus just couldn't stop himself. He had to join in. “Everybody, look at me!” he cried, as he leaped into the water. “I can dive too!” But just at that moment, Whale was getting ready to spout a big jet of water. WHOOSH! Whale spouted Walrus high into the air! Everyone was watching Walrus now. They clapped and cheered as Walrus landed back in the sea with a SPLOSH! Whale was furious. “You are a meddling, incompetent BUFFOON!” he roared. “You have RUINED my act. Now GET OUT OF MY SIGHT!” Whale was pretty scary when he was angry. Walrus turned tail and fled. He hid behind a snowdrift, feeling sad and very sorry. 4 The show will go on! The show was over. Fox and Polar Bear and Seal and Whale stood in a line, blushing and wishing that Walrus had not ruined everything. But everyone was cheering like mad. “Well done, Polar Bear, well done, Seal! Well done, Fox and Whale!” they shouted. “But where's the clown? Why isn't he here? Where's Walrus?” Behind is 。

6.《陈述古辨盗》的全文翻译

陈述古密直，曾掌管建州浦城县。

有家富户丢失了一些财物，（告到官府，）捉住了几个人，但不知道谁是真正的小偷。陈述古就欺骗他们说：“某寺里有一口钟，极其灵验，它能把真正的盗贼辨认出来。”

于是，陈述古就派人把这口钟迎到县府衙门放到后阁供奉着。接着，他把囚犯们引来站在钟的前面，当面告诉他们说：“没有做小偷的摸这钟就没有声音，做了小偷的一摸就会发出声音。”

陈述古亲自率领同事们向钟祷告，态度非常严肃，祭祀完毕后用布幕把钟围起来。然后暗中派人用墨汁涂钟。

很长时间之后，带着那些囚犯一个个地把手伸进那布幕里去摸钟。他们把手从布里伸出时，陈述古就检验他们的手，只见他们的手上都有墨迹，独有一个人的手上没有，于是真正的小偷显露出来了——他是担心摸了钟会发出声音，所以不敢摸的人。

经过审讯，这个人就承认了。